Iranian-British citizen Nematolah Shahsavani and Iranian citizen Alireza Farasati are accused of participating in actions that could assist a foreign intelligence service.
Prosecutors said the charges relate to Iran.
Frank Ferguson, head of the counter-terrorism department at the British Crown Prosecution Service, said the charge "relates to the carrying out of activities in the UK, such as gathering information and scouting targets."
Both suspects, who live in London, were arrested on March 6 and are due to make their first court appearance today.
Two other British-Iranian nationals arrested on the same day as part of the same investigation were released without charge.
The head of Britain's MI5 intelligence service, Ken McCallum, said last October that more than 20 "potentially deadly plots backed by Iran" had been thwarted in the previous 12 months.
Comments